MathJax tutorial

Hai friends, today we will discuss more about LaTeX commands. I am not going to exaggerate things. I will show you the facts straight forward.

Fonts

1. Use \mathbb or \Bbb for "black board bold" font.
   $\mathbb{ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O}$
2. Use \mathbf for "bold face" font.
   $\mathbf{ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O}$
3. Use \mathtt for "typewriter" font.
   $\mathtt{ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O}$
4. Use \mathrm for "roman" font.
   $\mathrm{ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O}$
5. Use \mathsf for "sans-serif" font.
   $\mathsf{ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O}$
6. Use \mathcal for "calligraphic" script.
   $\mathcal{ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O}$
7. Use \mathfrak for "Fraktur"(old German style letters).
   $\mathfrak{ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O}$

\(\mathbb{ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O}\)
\(\mathbf{ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O}\)
\(\mathtt{ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O}\)
\(\mathrm{ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O}\)
\(\mathsf{ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O}\)
\(\mathcal{ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O}\)
\(\mathfrak{ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O}\)

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Greek Letters

For small Greek letters use \alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,...\omega($\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,...\omega$) as shown on line one. For capital Greek letters use \Delta , \Gamma ,...\ Omega($\Delta ,\Gamma ,...\Omega$) as shown on line number 2.

\(\alpha ,\beta ,\gamma ,...\omega\)
\(\Delta ,\Gamma ,...\Omega\)

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\frac

This command will be show numbers as fraction. For example you can write following command to show $\frac 12$.

\(\frac 12\)

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But you can't write $\frac {12}{13}$ as above. In order to write this you have to write denominator and numerator in curly braces as shown below:

\(\frac {12}{13}\)

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\overline

The overline command is used to put a bar above a letter or word. In order to put bar above a word you have to use curly braces but in order to write bar above a letter you don't want curly braces. The command for writing $\overline a$ shown on line1 and command for writing $\overline {INTR}$ is shown on line 2.

\(\overline a\)
\(\overline {INTR}\)

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From above you may get the idea that if you want to format a group of letters or numbers you have to use curly braces.

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Superscripts and subscript

The Superscripts and subscripts are very important in math symbols. Since they have wide variety of applications in definite integrals, summation etc. The $x^2 \text{ and } x^{2n}$ is written in first line and $x_2 \text{ and } x_{2n}$ is written in second line. The $\log_2 x$ is shown on third line and $x_i^2$ shown on fourth line.

\(x^2 \text{ and } x^{2n}\)
\(x_2 \text{ and } x_{2n}\)
\(\log_2 x\)
\(x_i^2\)

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\text

If you want to write something in between LaTeX commands, sometimes you can't do that. Since some words like 'to', 'in' etc. also LaTeX commands. But you can write those words with the help of \text command. For example, the first command results "$15\mu A to 40\mu A$" without a white space between $15\mu A$ and $40\mu A$. So we have to use second command to show results with proper white space.

\(15\mu A to 40\mu A\)
\(15\mu A \text{ to } 40\mu A\)

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Parantheses

The symbols (), {}, and [] used to make parantheses. For example,$x\{n\}=(2,3,5,7,11) \text{ and } x[t]=2t+1$. Code shown on line 1. These do not scale with the formula in between, so if you write(line number 2), $(\frac{\sqrt x}{y^3})$ the parentheses will be too small. Using \left(…\right) will make the sizes adjust automatically to the formula they enclose(code shown on third line): $\left(\frac{\sqrt x}{y^3}\right)$. This \left and \right is also applicable for square brackets([]), curly braces({}), ceil bracket($\lceil x \rceil$), floor bracket($\lfloor x \rfloor$) and angled parantheses($\langle x \rangle$)too. Those brackets not discussed yet discussed is shown on line 4 of code snippet seperated by comma.

\(x\{n\}=(2,3,5,7,11) \text{ and } x[t]=2t+1\)
\(\(frac{\sqrt x}{y^3})\)
\(\left(\frac{\sqrt x}{y^3}\right)\)
\(\lceil x \rceil, \lfloor x \rfloor, \langle x \rangle\)

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Summation

\(\sum_{k=0}^n k^2 = \frac{(n^3+n^2)(2n+1)}{8}\)
$$\sum_{k=0}^n k^2 = \frac{(n^3+n^2)(2n+1)}{8}$$

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The first command will show you result in inline mode like $\sum_{k=0}^n k^2 = \frac{(n^3+n^2)(2n+1)}{8}$. While second command will show you output in display mode like $$\sum_{k=0}^n k^2 = \frac{(n^3+n^2)(2n+1)}{8}$$